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2004Çг⵵ ¼ö½Ã¸ðÁý ÀÚ¿¬°è ³í¼ú½ÃÇè ¸ðÀÇ°í»ç 2
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1. Á¦½Ã¹® (³ª)¿Í (´Ù)¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â À̿°ú Æĵ¿À» Á¦½Ã¹®À» ±Ù°Å·Î ±â¼úÇÏ°í Á¦½Ã¹® (´Ù)¿¡ Ç¥Çö µÈ Æĵ¿ÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ 4°³ ÀÌ»ó ³ª¿ÇÏ°í
2. Á¦½Ã¹® (°¡)¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© À̿°ú Æĵ¿ µî°ú °°Àº °úÇÐÀû ´ë»óÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ ½ÇÇèÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ°ú Àǹ̿¡ °üÇÏ¿© ³íÇϽÿÀ.
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¡¼°¡¡½±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀº ³ì»ö ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ÀÙ¿¡¼ ÀϾ´Â ¹ÝÀÀÀ̸ç,. ¿±·Ïü°¡ ÅÂ¾ç ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇؼ ÀÌ»êÈź¼Ò¿Í ¹°·ÎºÎÅÍ Æ÷µµ´çÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¹ÝÀÀÀ̶ó°í ¹è¿ü´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¿±·Ïü¿¡¼´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀ» ÇÒ±î? ºû¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ÈÇÐ ¿¡³ÊÁö·Î ¹Ù²ð±î?
±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀÇ Àüü °úÁ¤Àº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
6CO©ü£« 6H©üO ¡æ C6H©û©üO6 £« 6O©ü
±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¹ÝÀÀ½ÄÀº ±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀÇ Àç·á¿Í »ê¹°ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¸¦ º¸¿© ÁÖ°í ÀÖÀ» »Ó ºû¿¡³ÊÁö°¡ ¾î¶² °úÁ¤À» °ÅÃÄ ÈÇÐ ¿¡³ÊÁö·Î ÀüȯµÇ¾î ´çÀ» ÇÕ¼ºÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ¾Æ¹«·± Áö½Äµµ Á¦°øÇØ ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¿±·ÏüÀÇ ±¤ÇÕ¼º »ö¼Ò¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Èí¼öµÈ ºû¿¡³ÊÁö´Â ¾î¶»°Ô CO©ü¸¦ ȯ¿ø½ÃÄÑ ´çÀ» ¸¸µå´Â °ÍÀϱî?
À§ÀÇ ÀڷḦ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ºÐ¼®ÇØ º¸¸é ºûÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é CO©ü°¡ À־ ±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀÌ ÀϾÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ¹Ý´ë·Î ºûÀÌ À־ CO©ü°¡ ¾øÀ¸¸é ±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀÌ ÀϾÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î CO©ü°¡¾ø´Â »óÅ¿¡¼ ºûÀ» Àá½Ã ÂؾîÁØ ÈÄ ºûÀ» Â÷´ÜÇÏ°í CO©ü¸¦ ³Ö¾î ÁÖ¸é Àá½Ã µ¿¾È ±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀÌ ÀϾÁö¸¸ °ð ¸ØÃç¹ö¸°´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºûÀ» ÂØ¸é¼ CO©üÀÇ °ø±ÞÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¸é ±¤ÇÕ¼ºµµ ¿ª½Ã °è¼ÓÇؼ ÀϾÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ»óÀÇ ½ÇÇè °á°ú·Î ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ±¤ÇÕ¼º¿¡´Â ºûÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö¸¸ CO©üÀÇ ÀÌ¿ë°ú Á÷Á¢ °ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Â ¹ÝÀÀµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ±¤ÇÕ¼ºÀº ¾î¶² °úÁ¤µé·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº¸ÀÚ.
¡¼³ª¡½Dalton`s values were corrected later in the nineteenth century, and chemists have long been able to determine the number of atoms in a sample from its mass. It was not until earlier in this century, however, that they could weigh individual atoms directly, accurately, and precisely.
Mass spectrometer. The masses of atoms are now measured with a mass spectrometer. Atoms or molecules of the element¦¡either a liquid or solid element (such as mercury or zinc)¦¡are fed into the spectrometer`s "ionization chamber." There they are exposed to a beam of rapidly moving electrons. When one of these electrons collides with an atom, it can knock an electron out of it, leaving the atom with a positive charge and thus creating a positive "ion" :
An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms
(The name "ion" comes from the Greek word for "go", because of the way charged particles go either toward or away from a charged electrode.) The positive ions are accelerated out of the chamber by a high voltage applied between two plates. The speed attained by the ions depends on their mass, with lighter ions reaching higher speeds than heavy ones.
As an ion passes between the two curved charged plates, its path is bent by an amount that depends on its speed (and hence on its mass). The voltage between the plates is slowly changed, and a signal is produced when it is just strong enough to bend the path so that the ions arrive at the detector. The mass of the ion is then calculated from the voltage needed to produce a signal; the mass of the atom is the sum of the masses of the ion and its missing electron.
[ÈùÆ®]
mass spectrometry : Áú·®ºÐ¼®¹ý mass spectrimeter : Áú·®ºÐ¼®±â
mercury : ¼öÀº ziuc : ¾Æ¿¬ chamber : ¹æ electron : ÀüÀÚ
electrode : Àü±Ø
¡¼´Ù¡½It`s beautiful day at the beach, but the surf is a bit rough as ocean waves bring to shore energy imparted by a distant storm. Astronomers direct the Hubble Space Telescope to capture images of galaxies so distant that the light waves reaching Hubble have been traveling for 12 billion years. Your car breaks down and you use a phone to summon help; your voice is carried on radio waves to the telephone network. A rock band energizes the air with its playing, and that energy is carried as sound waves to the audience`s ears. An earthquake sends waves to the far corners of the planet, allowing geologists to pinpoint the quake and to study Earth`s interior. Spectators in one section of a football stadium stand up, and soon a wave of standing fans sweeps around the stadium. Physicians probe the human body with ultrasound waves, whose reflections form images of inner structures.
All of these examples involve wave motion. They have in common the motion¦¡or propagation¦¡of energy from one place to another. Matter, however, does not traver anywhere: those waves crashing on the beach don`t carry water from the distant open ocean where the storm raged. Air does not travel from the rock band`s loudspeakers to your ears. Spectators don`t run around the football stadium. And though geologists across the planet know about the earthquake, no earth actually moves from the quake zone to distant seismographs. Our definition of a wave emphasizes this point:
A wave is a traveling disturbance that transports energy but not matter.
[ÈùÆ®]
surf : Æĵµ astronomer : õ¹®ÇÐÀÚ galaxy : ÀºÇÏ°è
summon : È£ÃâÇÏ´Ù spectator : °üÁß seismographs : ÁöÁø°è
propagation : ÀüÆÄ
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